Cook pasta to al dente according to package instructions. You want the pasta a bit underdone as it will continue cooking while the dish bakes.
Preheat large skillet on medium heat and add olive oil. Add ground turkey and cook for 8-10 minutes, breaking meat into pieces and stirring occasionally. Add onion and sauté for 2-3 minutes, stirring occasionally. Add garlic and sauté for one minute.
Add diced tomatoes, sugar, Italian seasoning, salt, pepper, red pepper flakes, and kale and stir. Add previously cooked pasta and stir again.
Transfer half of the mixture in 8x8 baking dish and sprinkle with half the cheese. Top with remaining mixture and sprinkle with remaining cheese. Bake for 25 minutes. Allow to rest for a few minutes before serving.